Thermal cyclers, also known as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) instruments, are essential laboratory devices designed to amplify DNA or RNA sequences through precise temperature regulation.

1. Core Functionality

Thermal cyclers automate the temperature cycling required for PCR, which involves repeated heating and cooling steps to denature DNA, anneal primers, and extend DNA strands. This enables applications like DNA cloning, genotyping, and pathogen detection.

2. Applications

Research: Gene expression analysis, mutagenesis, and sequencing.

Diagnostics: Detection of infectious pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) and genetic disorders.