A resistance furnace is an industrial heating device that converts electrical energy into thermal energy through the resistance of conductive materials, enabling precise temperature control for various thermal processes.

Applications: 

Material Science: Sintering ceramics, heat-treating metals (e.g., hardening, tempering), and synthesizing composites .

Metallurgy: Melting alloys, refining ores, and preheating castings .

Energy & Environment: Activating carbon for supercapacitors or processing biomass .

Research: Laboratories use specialized furnaces for controlled experiments, such as thermocouple calibration .